Whenever I am not sure about a strand of beads, I put one into a small ziplock bag and tap it with a hammer til it breaks, then examine the pieces. Freshwater pearls will break into hollow circular pieces, and you may see the round bit of plastic or glass that they used to "start" the pearl growing. Swarovski will break into glass shards. I would guess that the "constructed" pearls someone else mentioned, made of ground MOP, would not have a hollow in the center, but they wouldn't break like sharp glass either.
recently I ordered some 4 mm faceted black onyx (from a reputable distributor I've dealt with for years) and was suspicious because the were VERY shiny. so I broke one and discovered I had really dark purple glass. Still pretty and they were cheap, but I won't be selling them as onyx! BTW, I'm guessing the seller I bought from got taken as well. I sent him an e-mail to let him know, but I really don't think it was his fault.
Lori in NH